Chronology of Russian History

St. George and the Dragon

The Kievan and Appanage Periods



PERIOD OF KIEVAN RUS' 859-1240


860
  • Askold & Dir clear the Dnepr and attack Constantinople


  • THE RURIKOV DYNASTY 862-1613

    862
  • Summoning of Rurik to Novgorod

  • 862-879? RURIK (Hrorekr)

    879-913 OLEG (Helgi) Maps

    907
  • Oleg's expedition against Constantinople
  • 911
  • Oleg's treaty with the Byzantine Empire

  • 913-945 IGOR (Ingvar)

    941
  • Expedition of Igor against Constantinople
  • 945
  • Igor's treaty with Byzantine Empire

  • 945-962 OLGA (Helga) Maps

    957
  • Olga baptized in Constantinople

  • 962-972 SVIATOSLAV

    965-967
  • Sviatoslav conquers the Khazar cities of Sarkel and Itil

  • 980-1015 ST. VLADIMIR

    988
  • Baptism of Vladimir and conversion of Russia to Christianity (but pagan beliefs continue among folk)
  • 11th century
  • First birch-bark documents
  • Novgorod streets paved with lumber (first in Paris pavement, 1184)
  • Wooden water pipes laid in Novgorod
  • 1016
  • Russian-Byzantine force destroys Georgius Tzul's Khazaria

  • 1019-1054 YAROSLAV THE WISE Maps

    1030
  • Yaroslav starts first school in Novgorod
  • 1037
  • Saint Sofia Cathedral begun in Kiev
  • 1045-1057
  • Building of Saint Sofia in Novgorod
  • 1051
  • The cave at Peshchersk Lavra settled by Antonius of Chernigov
  • 1054
  • Schism between Eastern and Western Catholicism
  • 1054-1073
  • Russkaia Pravda, first Russian law, written

  • 1092?-1125 VLADIMIR MONOMAKH More

    1095
  • First election of prince in Novgorod
  • 1116
  • Primary Chronicle composed

  • 1125-1157 YURI DOLGORUKI (founder of Moscow)

    1125-1200
  • Second version of Russkaia Pravda
  • 1147
  • Moscow founded by Yuri Dolgoruki (English) More
  • 1156
  • First Kremlin built in Moscow More

  • 1157-1176 ANDREI BOGOLJUBSKI

    1167
  • Sadko builds a church in Novgorod
  • 1169
  • Sack of Kiev by Andrei Bogoliubsky, prince of Vladimir-Suzdal'

  • 1176-1212 VSEVOLOD BIG NEST

    1185
  • Igor Sviatoslavovich of Seversk marches against the Polovetsians
  • 1195
  • First Novgorod treaty with German towns and Gotland
  • 1196
  • Novgorod granted right to select prince
  • 1204
  • 4th Crusade captures Constantinople; Latin Empire rules until 1261

  • 1212-1237 YURI II

    1223
  • First Mongol invasion; Russians defeated on the Kalka
  • 1227
  • Death of Genghis Khan
  • 1237-1242
  • Mongol conquest of Russia

  • 1237-1246 YAROSLAV II Maps


    THE APPANAGE PERIOD, 1240-1480 Interknowledge short history Expansion of the Lithuanian Empire


    1240
  • Victory of Alexander Nevsky over Swedes on the Neva
  • 1242
  • Battle on the Ice: Nevsky's victory over the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus
  • 1253
  • Founding of Sarai as capital of the Golden Horde
  • 1270
  • Novgorod treaty with the Hansa
  • 1275
  • Population of Russia about ten million
  • 1294
  • First Russian icon which is dated and signed (Novgorod)
  • 1300
  • Metropolitan of Kiev settles at Vladimir
  • 1326
  • Final establishment of Metropolitan in Moscow
  • 1337
  • Foundation of Trinity Monastery in Sergiev Posad

  • 1328-1340 IVAN I MONEY-BAGS (Kalita)

    1340-1353 SIMEON THE PROUD

    1348
  • Pskov secures independence from Novgorod
  • Swedish King Magnus marches against Novgorod

  • 1353-1359 IVAN II THE MEEK

    1359-1389 DMITRI DONSKOI

    1360
  • Andrei Rublev born (probably)
  • 1362
  • Kiev taken by Grand Duke of Lithuania, Olgerd
  • 1367-1368
  • First stone fortifications of Moscow Kremlin
  • 1371-1375
  • Heresy of Strigol'niks (Shearers) in Novgorod
  • 1378
  • Feofan the Greek paints first frescoes in Novgorod
  • 1380
  • Victory of Dmitri Donskoi over the Tatars at Kulikovo Field
  • 1382
  • Moscow burnt by Tokhtamysh

  • 1389-1425 VASSILY I

    1390-1430
  • Active life of icon painter Andrei Rublev
  • 1395
  • Defeat of the Golden Horde by Tamerlane

  • 1425-1462 VASSILY II THE DARK

    1430-1466
  • Disintegration of Golden Horde
  • 1436
  • Foundation of Solovetsky Monastery
  • 1439
  • Council of Florence Reunion of eastern and western churches
  • 1441
  • Metropolitan Isidore deposed for accepting Council of Florence
  • 1448
  • Church of Russia declared autocephalous
  • 1453
  • Capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans

  • 1462-1505 IVAN III THE GREAT

    1471
  • Campaign of Ivan III against Novgorod Charter of the city of Novgorod
  • 1472
  • Marriage of Ivan III with Zoe (Sophia), niece of last Byzantine Emperor
  • 1475-1478
  • Cathedral of Assumption in Kremlin built by Fieravanti
  • 1476-1478
  • Visit to Moscow of Ambrosio Contarini, first foreigner to write about Moscow
  • 1478
  • Incoporation of Novgorod into Muscovy
  • 1480
  • Unsuccessful campaign of Golden Horde against Ivan III
  • 1480
  • END OF MUSCOVITE DEPENDENCY ON MONGOLS
  • 1481-1502
  • Active career of icon and fresco painter Dionysius
  • 1485
  • Cathedral of Annunciation built by masons from Pskov
  • 1485-1516
  • Building of the new Kremlin in Moscow
  • 1487-1491
  • Palace of Facets built by Marco Ruffo & Pietro Antonio Solari.
  • 1488
  • Uprising in Novgorod
  • 1494
  • End of the Hansa in Novgorod
  • 1497
  • Sudebnik: Law code of Ivan III
  • 1503
  • Church Council: Victory of the Josephites over the nonposessors
  • Heresy of Judaizers condemned

  • 1505-1533 VASSILY III

    1505-1509
  • Cathedral of Archangel Michael built by Alevisio Nuovi of Milan
  • 1510
  • Incoporation of Pskov into Muscovy
  • 1517-1519
  • Printing of first books in Russian in Prague
  • 1524
  • Novodevichy Convent founded by Vasilli III
  • 1525
  • Maxim the Greek condemned by the Church Council
  • 1529-1560
  • Construction of churches at Dyakovo, Ostrovo and Kolomenskoe

  • 1533-1538 REGENCY OF YELENA GLINSKAYA 1533-1538

    1538-1547 PERIOD OF DISPUTED REGENCY (BELSKYS AND SHUISKYS)

    1547-1584 IVAN IV (THE TERRIBLE)

    1547
  • Twenty-two Russian saints canonized Novgorod and Pskov icon painters ordered to Moscow after great fire
  • 1550-1555
  • Construction of the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed celebrating the capture of Asktrakhan (1556)
  • 1550-1700
  • 134 books translated into Russian
  • 1551
  • Council of the Hundred Chapters (Stoglav)
  • 1552
  • Capture of Kazan
  • 1553
  • Opening of the White Sea route by Willoghby and Chancellor
  • 1555
  • Granting of charter to The Russia Company (England)
  • 1556
  • Asktrakhan defeated
  • 1558
  • Stroganovs granted land on Kama River
  • 1558-1583
  • Livonian war against Poland and Sweden, for possession of Baltic
  • 1560's
  • Edition of Domostroi, a book of principles of family life
  • 1564
  • First book printed in Moscow
  • Kurbsky flees to Lithuania
  • 1565-1572
  • Ivan the Terrible's reign of terror: the oprichnina
  • 1566
  • First Zemskii Sobor (Consultative Land Assembly)
  • 1570
  • Ivan the Terrible's pogrom in Novgorod
  • 1571
  • Crimean Tartars burn Moscow
  • 1571-1600
  • Fortification of southern frontier Beginning of Don, Zaporozhian, and Ural Cossacks
  • 1580's
  • Boris Godunov sends 18 Russians to study abroad (none return)
  • 1582
  • Yermak and the beginning of the conquest of Siberia
  • Privilege of St. George's Day (Iur'ev Den'), November 26, abolished

  • 1584-1598 FEDOR I

    1585
  • Foundation of Archangelsk


  • THE TIME OF TROUBLES, 1598-1613 More!


    1598-1605 BORIS GODUNOV Lord Protector

    1588
  • Giles Fletcher in Moscow
  • 1589
  • Creation of Moscow Patriarchate
  • 1590's
  • Rostov becomes the seat of Metropolitan
  • 1591
  • Dmitri tsarevich killed in Uglich
  • 1601-1603
  • Famine
  • Erection of the bell tower of Ivan the Great
  • 1606-1607
  • Revolt of Bolotnikov
  • 1610-1612
  • Poles occupy Moscow
  • 1612-1613
  • Minin and Pozharsky lead popular militia against Poles in Moscow
  • 1611-1617
  • Swedes occupy Novgorod


  • THE ROMANOV DYNASTY, 1613-1917

    1613
  • Election of Michael Romanov as tsar by Zemskii Sobor

  • 1613-1645 MICHAEL FEDOROVICH ROMANOV

    1618
  • Peace with Sweden
  • Loss of any outlet to Baltic
  • 1634-1638
  • Two visits of Adam Olearius to Moscow
  • 1636
  • Patriarch orders all musical instruments burned

  • 1645-1676 ALEXIS MIKHAILOVICH ROMANOV

    1648-1649
  • Up-risings in Moscow and other towns
  • 1649
  • Ulozhenie: Law Code of Tsar Alexis
  • Abolition of English trading privileges
  • 1650's
  • Moscow population about 200,000
  • 1650
  • Patriarch standardizes the five-domed church
  • 1652
  • Foreigners in Moscow required to live in Nemetskaia Sloboda
  • 1653
  • Last full meeting of Zemskii Sobor
  • 1654
  • Church Council adopts Nikon's reforms
  • 1654
  • BEGINNING OF THE SCHISM (Raskol)
  • Union of Ukraine with Muscovy
  • 1660's
  • Moscow linked with Amsterdam and Berlin by regular postal service
  • 1664
  • Grigorii Kotoshikhin flees to Sweden
  • 1666
  • Church Council deposes Patriarch Nikon
  • 1667
  • Cession to Moscovy of Kiev, Little Russia, and Smolensk
  • 1670-1671
  • Revolt of Stenka Razin
  • 1671
  • Avvakum writes his Life in prison
  • 1672
  • Russian embassies sent to all major European states
  • 1672
  • Artakserova deistva, first play given at Moscow court
  • 1674
  • Synopsis, first textbook of Russian history, appears
  • 1676
  • Theater opens at Preobrazhenskoe

  • 1676-1682 FEDOR III ROMANOV

    1682
  • Peter assumes throne, with Sophia as regent
  • 1684
  • Sophia institutes formal persecution of Old Believers by decree
  • 1689
  • Treaty of Nerchinsk with China


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