1 For example, K. P'atkanov's two-volume Russian anthology which appeared in St. Petersburg in 1873 and 1874, Istoriia mongolov po armianskim istochnikam [History of the Mongols According to the Armenian Sources] which includes extracts from Vardan, Orbelean, Smbat Sparapet, and Kirakos Ganjakec'i; A.G. Galstyan's Armianskie istochniki o mongolakh [Armenian Sources on the Mongols], (Moscow, 1962); and the translations into English of various passages from Kirakos Ganjakec'i dealing with the Mongols made by J.A. Boyle. Bibliographical indications, when not provided in the text will be found in the Bibliography.

2 Most surprisingly in B. Spuler's History of the Mongols Based on Eastern and Western Accounts of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (Berkeley, 1972) which does not include a single Armenian or Georgian source. J. A. Boyle's scholarly studies are a welcome exception.

3 PT p. 438.

4 PT pp. 204, 326.

5 Foremost among the European Armenists were fathers Nerses Akinean and H. Oskean. Among the numerous Soviet scholars deserving attention belong N. Marr, H. Manandyan, M. Abeghyan, T'. Avdalbekyan, X, Samuelyan, S. Eremyan, L. Melik 'set '-bek, K. Ghafadaryan, A. Hovannisyan, H. Zhamkoch'yan, L. Xach'ikyan, A. Galstyan, and P. Muradyan. For their contributions see below chapter one (Sources) under Kirakos Ganjakec'i, Vardan Arewelc'i, Step'annos Orbelean, Grigor Aknerc'i, T'ovma Mecop'ec'i, Chronographies and Hagiographical Literature, Colophons, and Inscriptions. See Bibliography for full listing.

6 As a result, the information in chapter one on the Armenian sources serves as a preface to the translated portions of the sources appearing in chapters two and three which form an anthology of 13-14th century Armenian historical wrtings focussing on the Turco-Mongol invasions and domination(s) and the Armenian lords' reactions to them. It should be noted that while- both Manandyan and Babayan conducted surveys of the Armenian sources, their reviews tend to be catalogues with little indication of a source's specific relevance. M. Abeghyan's History of Ancient Armenian Literature vol. 2 (Erevan, 1946) examined the literary (and often historical) importance of the 13-14th century sources. Thus the survey of 13-14th century literary historians in chapter one below is the most extensive currently available.


Press the Backspace key to return to text of article