Mythology Footnotes 6 78 On the location of Aratta: S. Cohen, Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Un. of Penn. Ph.D. dissertation, 1973 University Microfilms 73-24,127) pp. 13-24, 127; S. N. Kramer, The Sumerians (Chicago, 1963) p. 269 placed Aratta in northwestern Iran near the Caspian Sea; G. Gnoli, Zoroaster's Time and Homeland (Naples, 1980) identified Aratta with Shahr-i Suxta in southern Iran;

M. Kavoukjian, Armenia, Subartu, and Sumer (Montreal, 1987) pp. 57-81 identified Aratta with the Metsamor metallurgical complex in the Ayrarat valley. Dalley, Myths, p. 129 n. 53 observes that the adjective arattu ("wonderfully wrought") originally meant "made in Aratta". It is noteworthy that the goddess Ishtar (herself connected to eastern Asia Minor) when trying to win Gilgamesh's love, offers him a golden chariot drawn by dragons, and a home with an arattu threshold, Dalley, p. 77.

79 Enmerkar, lines 25-87, pp. 113-16; lines 124-27, p. 118; lines 196-205, pp. 121-22; lines 281-93, p.126. The metals included gold, silver, copper, tin (lines 18, 196-99); timber included boxwood (lines 131, 203), cedar/cypress (line 401), pine (line 403) and poplar "the wood for chariots" (line 404), Cohen, pp. 131-32.

80 Enmerkar, lines 323-499, pp. 118-36; lines 500-505, pp. 136-37: "The emissary, his mouth (being) heavy, was not able to repeat (it). The lord of Kulaba patted clay and wrote the message like (on a present- day) tablet. Formerly, the writing of messages on clay was not established. Now, with [the sun god] Utu's bringing forth the day, verily, this was so". This myth also refers to the confusion of tongues, lines 150-55, p. 119.

81 S. N. Kramer, Sumerians, pp. 272-73.

82 Ibid. pp. 273-74.

83 Cohen, pp. 23-24. The timber cut by Gilgamesh and Enkidu was also transported south by boat, see note 65 above.

84 Kramer, Sumerians, pp. 275-76 places Mount Hurum "in the neighborhood of Lake Van".

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